ConflictSouth Africa·30 Oct 2026
Defence expert calls for special units to address illegal mining in Primrose Hill
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Defence expert Helmoed-Römer Heitman and Security Initiative for Africa expert Willem Els identified illegal mining in Primrose Hill, Germiston, as a security crisis exceeding the capacity of standard policing. The assessment followed video footage showing illegal miners, known as zama zamas, engaged in conflict at a landfill site. Experts noted that many…
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The Citizen SA
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